What does the SUP do?
It provides Software Update metadata to clients that are using the Windows Update Agent (WUA) to scan for missing updates.
The Set Up:
The Software Update Point is comprised of two parts: WSUS and the WSUS Control Manager.
WSUS is the core Windows component which syncs with update.microsoft.com and pulls down update metadata.
WSUS Control Manger is the means by which SCCM controls WSUS
The Database Gets Populated:
In the SCCM hierarchy, the top most SUP gets its metadata catalogue from Microsoft Update and stores this information in its database.
This metadata catalog is also copied into the SCCM database via the sync process.
Once this has happened the Software Update node in the admin console will be populated with the update catalogue info. You are now in a position to create Update Lists and Update Deployments based on the catalogue of available updates.
The Client Side of Things:
SCCM clients utilize the WUA to connect with a SUP and get the specific metadata that are relevant for the client.
The client is scanned for missing or installed updates and results from the scanning are stored in a WMI repository.
The SCCM agent collects the results and passes them through the State message system and those results are stored in the SCCM database for every client and every update.
Reports can then be generated from the scan data to produce accurate and detailed compliance reports.
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